What is Transitional Cell Carcinoma (Urethra)?
Transitional cell carcinoma (urethra) is a very rare cancer that arises from the transitional cells that line the urethra and urethral opening. The urethra is a thin tube that starts from the lower opening of the bladder and extends outside the body. Urine is excreted from the body through the urethra.Disease Epidemiology
According to the Urethral Cancer Surveillance Report, the incidence of transitional cell carcinoma (urethra) is about 10% in the US population. It is slightly more prevalent in males than in females. The median age at diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma (urethra) is 75 years, range from 30 to 90 years.Disease Etiology (Cause)
There is no well-known cause, however, certain hereditary genetic mutations and risk factors such as cigarette smoking, excessive consumption of coffee or tea usually more than 7 cups per day, excessive and unnecessary consumption of pain relievers, occupational exposure to chemicals used in plastic, and tar industries and interstitial nephritis are considered responsible for transitional cell carcinoma (urethra).Signs and Symptoms
In most cases, symptoms only appear when the disease progresses. The patient may suffer from the following signs and symptoms.- Urinary retention (it is impossible to empty the bladder completely
- The repeated urge to go to the toilet for urination
- Itching
- The increased urinary frequency at night
- Passage of blood or blood particles in urine
- Blood spotting from the vagina or urethra
- Flank/loin pain
- Pain at the perineum (pelvis)
- Pain during sexual activity
- Swelling around the perineum
Diagnosis
The following diagnostic tests and procedures can be used to make a diagnosis. These are- Urine complete examination (UCE) to detect any urinary tract infection and blood in the urine
- Complete blood count (CBC)
- Renal Function Test (RFT’s) to check the serum urea and creatinine
- Liver function tests (LFT’s)
- Imaging techniques like CT-abdomen and pelvis, USG abdomen and pelvis, MRI, CT-chest, and X-ray to assess the site, size, extent, and distant metastasis of the tumor.
- Cystoscopy; is similar to an ultrasound examination of the ureter, which allows direct visualization of the ureter with cystoscopy.
- Urinary cytology; is a microscopic examination of the cells present in urine and their characteristics.
- Transurethral biopsy
Treatment
Surgical removal of the tumor or urethra, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are the main treatment optionsWhat Support can we Give for Transitional Cell Carcinoma (Urethra)?
Transitional Cell Carcinoma (Urethra) is a rare cancer, meaning it is not as well known as other forms of cancer. Without a Ribbon is an Australian organisation that provides support for individuals who suffer from rare cancers. So, we provide a designated platform for Warriors to obtain information specific to their Rare Cancer. We also provide annual opportunities for our Warriors to meet and learn from each other. If you suffer from rare cancer such as Transitional Cell Carcinoma (Urethra), we can help and support you through your journey thanks to the generous donations we receive. Click the link below to sign up and become a Warrior today!You can help us with your donation:
Without a Ribbon is a charity that works hard to aid those who suffer from rare cancers. You can help our cause in a variety of ways:Donations — Without a Ribbon is grateful when we receive every donation. Giving to Without a Ribbon helps us to provide ongoing support, organise the annual gathering and subsidise the costs of our Warriors attending these conferences.
Sponsorship — If you wish to sponsor our charity, please contact us using this form.
Volunteering — We are always looking for volunteers to help with different aspects of running our charity. So, if you are looking for volunteer work, please feel free to contact us.
