What is Sebaceous Carcinoma of the Skin?
Sebaceous carcinoma is an aggressive, rare form of cancer that begins in the oil glands (sebaceous glands) of the skin. It most commonly affects the eyelids, but it can occur anywhere on the body where sebaceous glands are found. This type of carcinoma is often difficult to diagnose because it can resemble more benign conditions, such as a stye or chalazion.Symptoms
The symptoms of sebaceous carcinoma can vary, depending on the location of the tumour. Typical signs include:- A painless lump or nodule on the skin, often yellow or pink
- Thickening of the eyelid or other skin areas
- Changes in the appearance of existing moles
- Eyelash loss if the eyelid is affected
- Ulceration or bleeding of the skin lesion
- Slow healing of a sore or lesion on the eyelid
Disease Aetiology (Causes)
The exact cause of sebaceous carcinoma is unclear, but certain factors may increase the risk. These include older age, a history of extensive sun exposure, radiation therapy, and Muir-Torre syndrome, a rare genetic disorder that predisposes individuals to skin tumours and internal malignancies.Diagnosis
To diagnose sebaceous carcinoma, doctors typically use:- A thorough skin examination
- Biopsy of the suspicious lesion
- Imaging tests like CT, MRI, or PET scans, if necessary, to check for metastasis
Treatment
Treatment for sebaceous carcinoma typically involves:- Surgery to remove the cancer, often followed by reconstructive surgery if necessary
- Mohs surgery, a precise surgical technique that minimizes damage to healthy tissue and reduces the risk of recurrence
- Radiation therapy if the tumour is inoperable or if there is a risk of residual disease
- Topical or systemic chemotherapy in some cases
- Targeted therapies or immunotherapies are being studied for use in advanced cases