A gastrointestinal stromal tumour is a type of tumour that starts in the cells found in the wall of the digestive tract, called interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). These cells act like pacemakers for the digestive system, sending signals to the muscles to help move food through the digestive tract. These tumours can develop anywhere in the digestive tract but are most commonly found in the stomach and small intestine.
What is a Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour of the Rectum?
Gastrointestinal stromal tumour of the rectum is cancer that originates from the interstitial Cajal cells. These are rare tumours and account for only 0.1% of all rectal tumours.
This form of tumour can appear anywhere in the gastrointestinal system (GIT), including the esophagus, anus, omentum, and mesentery. The stomach is the most typical site for these tumours, whereas the anorectal region is the least prevalent.
Disease Etiology (Causes)
In 80% of cases, they develop due to mutations in a certain gene name c-kit proto-oncogene. Which is also associated with some hereditary syndromes (a combination of diseases) like irritable bowel syndrome, cutaneous hyperpigmentation, dysphagia, carney triad, neurofibromatosis type 1 and diverticular disease.
Disease Epidemiology
It is more common in males than females, with the risk increasing with age and peaking in the eighth decade of life. Smaller gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) generally have a better prognosis.
Signs and Symptoms
The patient may suffer from the following signs and symptoms:
- Melena ( black colour stool due to bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract)
- Malaise, fatigue, and difficulty breathing during walking or physical activity can occur due to blood loss from the ulcerated tumour site.
- Abdominal pain
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Weight loss
Diagnosis and Treatment
A diagnosis can be made by the following:
- Complete blood count (CBC)
- Blood coagulation profile
- BUN ( blood urea and nitrogen)
- Serum creatinine
- Liver function tests LFT’s
- Amylase and lipase values
- Imaging techniques like CT-scan, MRI, PET-scan, X-Ray, and USG to detect the site and size of the tumour.
- Endoscopy
- Preoperative biopsy
Treatment
Surgical resection, which involves removing the diseased part through surgery, along with the removal of nearby lymph nodes, is the most common and effective treatment option.
What support can we give for the Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour?
Gastrointestinal stromal tumour is a rare cancer, meaning it is not as well-known as other forms of cancer. Without a Ribbon is an Australian organisation that provides support for individuals who suffer from rare cancers. So, we provide a designated platform for Warriors to obtain information specific to their Rare Cancer. We also provide annual opportunities for our Warriors to meet and learn from each other. If you suffer from rare cancer such as gastrointestinal stromal tumour, we can help and support you through your journey thanks to the generous donations we receive. Click the link below to sign up and become a Warrior today!
You can help us with your donation:
Without a Ribbon is a charity that works hard to aid those who suffer from rare cancers. You can help our cause in a variety of ways:
Donations — Without a Ribbon are grateful when we receive every donation. Giving to Without a Ribbon helps us to provide ongoing support, organise the annual gathering and subsidise the costs of our Warriors attending these conferences.
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Volunteering — We are always looking for volunteers to help with different aspects of running our charity. So, if you are looking for volunteer work, please feel free to contact us.