What is Primary Intraosseous Meningioma?
Primary Intraosseous Meningioma is a rare type of tumour that develops within the bones of the skull. Unlike the more common brain meningiomas, which grow near the brain inside the skull, these tumours originate in the skull bone itself. While they are generally benign, some can behave aggressively and may transform into malignant forms.
Who Does It Affect?
This condition is significantly more common in women but can occur in both genders. It most often affects individuals in their 40s and 50s, though it can occasionally be seen in younger people.
Causes
The exact cause is unknown. However, it is believed that arachnoid cells—found in the brain’s protective layers—may enter the skull bone and grow uncontrollably, forming tumours.
Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms vary based on the tumour’s location in the skull:
- Tumours on the top or sides of the skull may cause:
- A hard, painless lump on the skull
- Headaches
- Lightheadedness
- Hearing loss
- Tumours at the base of the skull may lead to:
- Eye bulging
- Nasal obstruction or bleeding
In many cases, these tumours are asymptomatic and are only discovered incidentally during imaging tests for other conditions.
Diagnosis
Several techniques are used to diagnose primary intraosseous meningioma:
1. Imaging Tests:
- CT Scan or MRI to determine if the tumour is causing the skull bone to thicken (osteoblastic) or break down (osteolytic).
2. Bone Scan:
Occasionally used to evaluate how the tumour affects the bone.
3. Biopsy:
A small sample of the tumour is removed for detailed analysis to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment
1. Surgery
The primary treatment involves surgical removal of the tumour. If the tumour is confined to its original site, complete removal greatly improves survival chances. Surgeons often use specialised implants to restore the skull’s shape after surgery.
2. Additional Treatments
For aggressive tumours or cases where complete surgical removal isn’t possible:
- Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy may be used to shrink the tumour and prevent further growth.
- Bisphosphonates can help manage symptoms related to bone involvement.
Summary
Primary intraosseous meningioma is a rare skull bone tumour with varying symptoms depending on its location. While it is often benign, aggressive cases may require a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy for effective management. Early diagnosis and tailored treatment are key to ensuring the best outcomes.
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