What is Papillary Cystadenocarcinoma of the Salivary Gland?
Papillary cystadenocarcinoma is a rare, slow-growing cancer that affects the salivary glands. It consists of fluid-filled and solid parts with finger-like growths inside. This type of tumour differs from the more common salivary gland cancers. In 65% of cases, it affects major salivary glands such as the parotid gland, and in 35% of cases, it affects minor salivary glands. The average age at the time of diagnosis is over 59 years.
What are Salivary Glands?
The salivary glands are responsible for secreting saliva into the mouth through small openings called salivary ducts. Saliva performs crucial functions, such as maintaining mouth moisture and pH balance, aiding in digestion and protecting the teeth from decay.
Disease Causes
The specific cause of papillary cystadenocarcinoma is unknown, but certain factors such as smoking and radiation therapy are considered potential risk factors for its development. This cancer is rare, accounting for only 2% of all salivary gland tumours.
Signs and Symptoms
Common signs and symptoms of papillary cystadenocarcinoma include difficulty eating, weight loss, reduced appetite, a lump or swelling near the jaw, neck, or mouth, muscle weakness on one side of the face, numbness in the affected part of the face, difficulty in opening the mouth widely and trouble swallowing.
Diagnosis
The following diagnostic tests and procedures can be used to make a diagnosis:
- Physical Examination of the mouth (Doctor will examine the whole mouth neck, neck glands, and body to see any signs of the disease such as a mass or lump in the mouth or neck).
- Complete blood count (CBC)
- Urine complete examination (UCE)
- CT- scan, MRI, and USG (Ultrasonography) to assess the size, site, and extent the of the tumour
- FNA (Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the tumour cells)
Treatment
Surgical removal of the tumour, in combination with radiation therapy and chemotherapy, represents the primary treatment approach.
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