What Is a Neuroendocrine Tumour of the Liver?
A neuroendocrine tumour (NET) of the liver is a type of cancer that originates from the neuroendocrine cells, which are specialized cells that produce and release hormones into the bloodstream in response to signals from the nervous system. NETs can develop in various parts of the body, but when they are found in the liver, it is often because they have metastasized from another primary location, such as the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, or lungs. Primary neuroendocrine tumours originating directly in the liver are rare.
Symptoms
Symptoms of neuroendocrine tumours in the liver can vary significantly depending on the tumour’s size, location, and whether they produce hormones. Common symptoms may include:
- Abdominal pain or discomfort
- Weight loss
- Fatigue
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
- Diarrhea
- Skin flushing
- Heart palpitations
- Wheezing or shortness of breath
In cases where the NET produces hormones, symptoms can be more specific and are related to the type of hormone being overproduced, leading to various syndromes such as carcinoid syndrome.
Disease Aetiology (Causes)
The exact cause of neuroendocrine tumours is not fully understood. Factors that may increase the risk of developing NETs include genetic conditions like multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), although many cases occur in individuals without a known predisposing condition.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing a neuroendocrine tumour in the liver involves a combination of tests and procedures:
- Imaging tests, such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) scans, to identify and locate tumours.
- Blood and urine tests to measure levels of hormones and markers associated with NETs, such as chromogranin A (CgA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA).
- Biopsy of the liver tumour to examine the cells under a microscope and confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment for neuroendocrine tumours of the liver depends on the tumour’s origin, size, whether it produces hormones, and if it has spread:
- Surgery to remove the tumour is the preferred treatment for localized NETs and can offer a cure in many cases.
- Embolization or ablation techniques may be used to reduce tumour size and alleviate symptoms, especially for tumours that cannot be surgically removed.
- Medications to control hormone production and manage symptoms, including somatostatin analogs (e.g., octreotide, lanreotide) and targeted therapies.
- Chemotherapy may be used for advanced or aggressive NETs, although NETs are often less responsive to chemotherapy than other types of cancer.
- Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is a targeted treatment option for certain types of NETs that express specific receptors.
What support can we give for the Neuroendocrine Tumour (NET) of the Liver?
Neuroendocrine Tumour (NET) of the Liver is a rare cancer, meaning it is not as well-known as other forms of cancer. Without a Ribbon is an Australian organisation that provides support for individuals who suffer from rare cancers. So, we provide a designated platform for Warriors to obtain information specific to their Rare Cancer. We also provide annual opportunities for our Warriors to meet and learn from each other. If you suffer from rare cancer such as Neuroendocrine Tumour (NET) of the Liver, we can help and support you through your journey thanks to the generous donations we receive. Click the link below to sign up and become a Warrior today!
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Without a Ribbon is a charity that works hard to aid those who suffer from rare cancers. You can help our cause in a variety of ways:
