What Is Well-Differentiated Keratinizing Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma?
Well-differentiated keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a subtype of nasopharyngeal cancer characterized by cancer cells that closely resemble normal cells and produce keratin, a protein found in the skin, hair, and nails. This subtype is less commonly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection compared to the nonkeratinizing types of NPC and tends to occur in a different demographic population.
Symptoms
The symptoms of well-differentiated keratinizing NPC may include:
- Swelling or lumps in the neck due to enlarged lymph nodes, often the first noticeable sign
- Nasal blockage or congestion, and nosebleeds
- Hearing loss, ear fullness, or ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
- Sore throat or difficulty swallowing
- Headaches or facial pain
- Changes in voice
Disease Aetiology (Causes)
The exact cause of keratinizing NPC is not fully understood, but factors that may contribute to its development include:
- Genetic susceptibility
- Environmental factors, such as exposure to certain chemicals or dietary habits
- Tobacco and alcohol use have also been suggested as potential risk factors, more so than for the nonkeratinizing subtypes
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of well-differentiated keratinizing NPC involves a series of steps:
- Examination of the nasopharynx using endoscopy to identify abnormal growths
- Imaging tests, including MRI and CT scans, to assess the extent of the tumour and detect any spread to lymph nodes or other areas
- Biopsy of the tumour for histological examination to confirm the presence of keratinizing cancer cells
- EBV serology tests may be conducted, although EBV association is less common in this subtype
Treatment
Treatment for well-differentiated keratinizing NPC typically includes:
- Radiation therapy, which is the cornerstone of treatment due to the high sensitivity of NPC to radiation. Advanced techniques like IMRT are used to minimize damage to surrounding tissues.
- Chemotherapy, often in combination with radiation therapy, particularly for advanced stages or to manage metastasis.
- Surgery is not commonly used as a primary treatment due to the anatomical complexity of the nasopharynx and the effectiveness of radiation, but it may be considered for residual disease or recurrences.
- Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are areas of ongoing research and may offer additional options depending on specific molecular targets identified in the cancer cells.
What support can we give for the CNasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Well-Differentiated Keratinizing (Head and Neck) ?
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Well-Differentiated Keratinizing (Head and Neck) is a rare cancer, meaning it is not as well-known as other forms of cancer. Without a Ribbon is an Australian organisation that provides support for individuals who suffer from rare cancers. So, we provide a designated platform for Warriors to obtain information specific to their Rare Cancer. We also provide annual opportunities for our Warriors to meet and learn from each other. If you suffer from rare cancer such as Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Well-Differentiated Keratinizing (Head and Neck) , we can help and support you through your journey thanks to the generous donations we receive. Click the link below to sign up and become a Warrior today!
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