What is Medulloepithelioma?
Medulloepithelioma is a rare tumour that usually develops inside the eye, most often in young children. It begins in immature cells of the ciliary body, a part of the eye that helps control focus. Some tumours are non-cancerous, while others can behave like cancer and grow into nearby tissues.
Causes
The exact cause of Medulloepithelioma is not known. Most cases occur without any known reason. Researchers believe that changes in certain genes may play a role in the development of this tumor in some children.
Signs and Symptoms
The symptoms often depend on the size and location of the tumour. Common signs include:
- Blurred or reduced vision
- Eye pain or discomfort
- Redness of the eye
- A white reflection in the pupil
- Cataract
- Increased pressure inside the eye (glaucoma)
- A visible mass or cyst inside the eye
Because these symptoms can resemble other eye conditions, a thorough eye examination is important.
Diagnosis
Doctors use several tests to diagnose Medulloepithelioma, including:
- A complete eye examination
- Eye ultrasound to look at the tumour
- MRI scans to assess the extent of the disease
- Biopsy or laboratory examination of tumour tissue when needed
These tests help confirm the diagnosis and guide treatment decisions.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the size of the tumour and whether it has spread.
Surgery
Small tumours may be removed while preserving the eye whenever possible.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation may be used to destroy tumour cells and control tumour growth.
Cryotherapy
In some cases, freezing treatment can be used to destroy small tumours.
Enucleation
If the tumour is large or causing serious complications, removal of the affected eye may be the safest treatment option.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy may be considered if the tumour has spread outside the eye or if there is a high risk of recurrence.
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