What Is Lymphoepithelioma-like Carcinoma?
Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is a rare type of cancer that resembles lymphoepithelioma, a type of nasopharyngeal carcinoma commonly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. LELC can occur in various organs outside the nasopharynx, including the lung, stomach, salivary glands, thymus, and skin. It is characterized by a dense lymphoid infiltrate surrounding islands of malignant epithelial cells, giving it a distinct appearance under the microscope. The relationship between LELC and EBV varies depending on the tumour’s anatomical site.
Symptoms
Symptoms of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma depend on the tumour’s location but generally include:
- Mass or swelling in the affected organ
- Pain or discomfort in the area of the tumour
- Symptoms specific to the organ involved, such as difficulty breathing or coughing for LELC of the lung, or difficulty swallowing for LELC of the esophagus
- General cancer symptoms like weight loss, fatigue, and loss of appetite may also be present
Disease Aetiology (Causes)
The exact cause of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma is not well understood. In some cases, especially in nasopharyngeal LELC, there is a strong association with Epstein-Barr virus infection. Other factors, including genetic predisposition and environmental exposures, may play a role in the development of LELC in other organs.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing LELC involves:
- Imaging studies (such as CT scans, MRI, or PET scans) to identify the location and extent of the tumour.
- Biopsy of the tumour for histopathological examination. The presence of dense lymphoid tissue surrounding the cancer cells is a key diagnostic feature.
- EBV serology or in situ hybridization to detect EBV in tumour cells, particularly for tumours in areas where EBV association is common.
Treatment
Treatment for lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma varies based on the tumour’s location and stage but may include:
- Surgery to remove the tumour, often the primary treatment option when feasible.
- Radiation therapy, either as a primary treatment for inoperable tumours or as adjuvant therapy following surgery.
- Chemotherapy, used in cases of advanced disease, metastasis, or as part of combined modality treatment.
- Immunotherapy and targeted therapy are emerging as potential treatment options, especially in cases where the tumour is shown to have specific genetic mutations or markers.
What support can we give for the Lymphoepithelioma-like Carcinoma?
Lymphoepithelioma-like Carcinoma is a rare cancer, meaning it is not as well-known as other forms of cancer. Without a Ribbon is an Australian organisation that provides support for individuals who suffer from rare cancers. So, we provide a designated platform for Warriors to obtain information specific to their Rare Cancer. We also provide annual opportunities for our Warriors to meet and learn from each other. If you suffer from rare cancer such as Lymphoepithelioma-like Carcinoma, we can help and support you through your journey thanks to the generous donations we receive. Click the link below to sign up and become a Warrior today!
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