What is Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma of the Uterus?
Endometrial stromal sarcoma of the uterus is a rare type of uterine cancer that begins in the stromal cells, which make up the supportive framework (stroma) of the uterus. ESS accounts for a small percentage of uterine cancers. It is generally slow-growing, but it has the potential to spread to other parts of the body over time.Symptoms
Symptoms of Endometrial stromal sarcoma of the uterus may include:- Unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge
- Pelvic pain or discomfort
- A palpable mass or lump in the pelvic area
- Unexplained weight loss
- Frequent urination due to pressure on the bladder
Disease Aetiology (Causes)
The exact cause of endometrial stromal sarcoma of the uterus is unknown, but it is likely to involve genetic mutations that lead to uncontrolled cell growth and division. Certain inherited genetic syndromes may increase the risk, although most cases of endometrial stromal sarcoma of the uterus occur in the absence of a clear genetic predisposition.Diagnosis
The diagnosis of endometrial stromal sarcoma of the uterus often involves:- Detailed medical history and physical examination
- Endometrial biopsy or dilation and curettage (D&C) to obtain tissue for examination under a microscope
- Imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to ascertain the size, location, and extent of the tumour
Treatment
The treatment for endometrial stromal sarcoma of the uterus of the uterus typically involves:- Surgery: The primary treatment, involves the surgical removal of the uterus (hysterectomy), along with the fallopian tubes and ovaries.
- Hormone Therapy: This involves the use of drugs to block hormone receptors in cancer cells, thereby slowing the growth of the cancer.
- Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy: These may be considered in some cases, particularly for more advanced diseases or if the cancer recurs.