What Is Cholangiocarcinoma of the Biliary Tree?
Cholangiocarcinoma, also known as bile duct cancer, is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that arises from the cells lining the biliary tree – the system of ducts that transports bile from the liver to the small intestine. This system includes the intrahepatic bile ducts (within the liver), the extrahepatic bile ducts (outside the liver), and the gallbladder. Cholangiocarcinoma can be classified based on its location within the biliary tree: intrahepatic, perihilar (also known as Klatskin tumour), and distal.
Symptoms
The symptoms of cholangiocarcinoma often do not appear until the disease is advanced and may include:
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
- Itching
- Abdominal pain, particularly in the upper right quadrant
- Unexplained weight loss
- Pale-colored stools and dark urine
- Fever
- Fatigue
Disease Aetiology (Causes)
The exact cause of cholangiocarcinoma is unknown, but several risk factors have been identified:
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a chronic liver disease
- Chronic infection with liver flukes (in certain regions of the world)
- Biliary duct cysts and congenital abnormalities of the biliary tree
- Exposure to certain toxins and chemicals
- Chronic hepatitis B or C virus infection
- Cirrhosis of the liver
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma involves a combination of clinical evaluation and diagnostic tests, including:
- Blood tests to check liver function and markers for bile duct obstruction
- Imaging studies such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cholangiopancreatography (MRCP or ERCP) to visualize the bile ducts and identify tumours
- Biopsy of the tumour tissue, often obtained during ERCP, to confirm the diagnosis through histopathological examination
Treatment
Treatment options for cholangiocarcinoma depend on the tumouur’s location, size, and whether it has spread:
- Surgery is the primary treatment for resectable tumours and may involve removing the affected portion of the bile duct, liver resection, or even liver transplantation in selected cases.
- Chemotherapy and radiation therapy may be used as adjunctive treatments to surgery, as palliative care to relieve symptoms, or when the cancer is not operable.
- Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are emerging as potential treatments, especially for patients with specific genetic mutations.
- Biliary drainage procedures, including stenting, can relieve jaundice in cases where the tumour obstructs the bile ducts.
What support can we give for the Cholangiocarcinoma of the Biliary Tree?
Cholangiocarcinoma of the Biliary Tree is a rare cancer, meaning it is not as well-known as other forms of cancer. Without a Ribbon is an Australian organisation that provides support for individuals who suffer from rare cancers. So, we provide a designated platform for Warriors to obtain information specific to their Rare Cancer. We also provide annual opportunities for our Warriors to meet and learn from each other. If you suffer from rare cancer such as Cholangiocarcinoma of the Biliary Tree, we can help and support you through your journey thanks to the generous donations we receive. Click the link below to sign up and become a Warrior today!
You can help us with your donation:
Without a Ribbon is a charity that works hard to aid those who suffer from rare cancers. You can help our cause in a variety of ways:
