What Is Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma?
Adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that originates in the cortex (outer layer) of the adrenal glands. These glands are located above the kidneys and produce a variety of hormones that regulate metabolism, blood pressure, and stress response. ACC can produce hormones (functioning tumours) or not produce hormones (non-functioning tumours), leading to a range of symptoms.
Symptoms
Symptoms of adrenal cortical carcinoma vary depending on whether the tumour is functioning or non-functioning. Functioning tumours may lead to symptoms related to hormone excess, such as:
- Cushing’s syndrome (due to excess cortisol), causing weight gain, high blood pressure, diabetes, and unusual hair growth.
- Conn’s syndrome (due to excess aldosterone), causing high blood pressure and low potassium levels.
- Virilization or feminization (due to excess sex hormones), causing changes in secondary sexual characteristics.
Non-functioning tumours may not cause symptoms until they are large enough to press on nearby organs, leading to:
- Abdominal pain
- Feeling of fullness
- Lump in the abdomen
- Unintended weight loss
Disease Aetiology (Causes)
The exact cause of adrenal cortical carcinoma is not well understood, but certain genetic conditions, such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, are associated with an increased risk of developing this cancer.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing ACC involves a combination of tests and procedures:
- Imaging tests, such as CT scans, MRI, and PET scans, to visualize the adrenal glands and assess the tumour.
- Blood and urine tests to measure hormone levels, which can indicate a functioning tumour.
- Biopsy, where a sample of the tumour tissue is examined under a microscope for cancer cells.
Treatment
Treatment for adrenal cortical carcinoma depends on the stage of the disease and may include:
- Surgery to remove the tumour and possibly surrounding tissues or organs affected by the cancer. This is the primary treatment for localized tumours.
- Radiation therapy may be used to target cancer cells remaining after surgery or to relieve symptoms of advanced cancer.
- Chemotherapy is often used for advanced ACC or when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. Mitotane is a drug specifically used to treat ACC.
- Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are being explored in clinical trials as potential treatments for ACC.
What support can we give for the Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma (Adrenal Gland)?
Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma (Adrenal Gland) is a rare cancer, meaning it is not as well-known as other forms of cancer. Without a Ribbon is an Australian organisation that provides support for individuals who suffer from rare cancers. So, we provide a designated platform for Warriors to obtain information specific to their Rare Cancer. We also provide annual opportunities for our Warriors to meet and learn from each other. If you suffer from rare cancer such as Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma (Adrenal Gland), we can help and support you through your journey thanks to the generous donations we receive. Click the link below to sign up and become a Warrior today!
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Without a Ribbon is a charity that works hard to aid those who suffer from rare cancers. You can help our cause in a variety of ways:
