What is a Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia?
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia is a rare type of blood cancer. It develops from certain white blood cells called B-lymphocytes, which normally help the body fight infections.
In this condition, these cells grow in an abnormal way and produce large amounts of an abnormal protein called IgM. Because of this protein, the blood becomes thicker than normal, which leads to many of the symptoms of the disease.
Incidence
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia usually affects older adults, most commonly people over the age of 60. It grows slowly, and many people live with it for years. Waldenström macroglobulinemia is considered a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, but it also shares features with blood disorders like multiple myeloma.
Symptoms
The symptoms develop gradually and may be mild at first. Many people feel extreme tiredness and weakness, mainly due to anemia, which means a low number of red blood cells. Some people notice frequent infections, as the immune system does not work properly.
Because the blood becomes thick, symptoms like headache, dizziness, blurred vision, nosebleeds, or confusion may occur. Tingling or numbness in the hands and feet can also happen due to nerve involvement. Some individuals may develop swollen lymph nodes, enlarged liver or spleen, or unexplained weight loss and night sweats.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made through blood tests, which show high levels of IgM protein and anemia. A bone marrow test confirms the presence of abnormal cells. Imaging tests may be done to check lymph nodes or organs.
Treatment
Treatment depends on how severe the symptoms are. If the disease is mild and not causing problems, careful monitoring may be enough. When treatment is needed, medicines are used to reduce abnormal cells and control IgM levels. Targeted therapies and chemotherapy are commonly used. In some cases, a procedure called plasmapheresis is done to quickly remove excess IgM protein from the blood and reduce thickness.
Prognosis
The prognosis is generally good, especially because the disease grows slowly. Many patients live for many years with proper treatment and regular follow-up.
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