What is Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Urethra?
Squamous cell carcinoma of the urethra is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that develops from the squamous cells lining the urethra. Squamous cell carcinoma of the urethra is the most common type of urethral cancer, but urethral cancer overall is quite rare. It tends to occur more frequently in women than in men.Symptoms
Symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma of the urethra may include:- Blood in the urine (hematuria)
- Frequent urination or a persistent urge to urinate
- Pain during urination (dysuria)
- Weak or interrupted urine flow
- A lump or growth in the area of the urethra
Disease Aetiology (Causes)
The exact cause of Squamous cell carcinoma of the urethra is unknown. However, it is believed to be associated with chronic inflammation or irritation of the urethra. Risk factors may include history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), bladder infections, or prior urethral stricture disease.Diagnosis
The diagnosis of Squamous cell carcinoma of the urethra often involves:- Detailed medical history and physical examination
- Urine tests to check for blood or signs of infection
- Urethroscopy or cystoscopy to visually inspect the urethra and bladder
- Biopsy of any suspicious areas to examine under a microscope
- Imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to determine the extent of the cancer
Treatment
The treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the urethra typically involves:- Surgery: This is often the primary treatment, and it may involve the removal of the tumour, the entire urethra, or adjacent tissues, depending on the extent of the disease.
- Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy: These may be used in conjunction with surgery, especially if the cancer is advanced or has a high risk of recurrence.