Squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum is a rare type of cancer that affects the rectum, accounting for just 0.3% of all rectal cancers. It starts in the flat cells lining the inside of the rectum. On average, it develops around age 57, with women being more likely to get it than men.
What Causes It?
While the exact cause isn’t clear, genetic mutations and inherited factors may play a role. There’s also a strong link between current or past infections with the human papillomavirus (HPV) and this type of cancer.
Common Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms to watch for include:
- Rectal bleeding
- Pain during bowel movements
- Changes in bowel habits (like diarrhea or constipation)
- Unexplained weight loss
- Feeling like your bowels haven’t fully emptied
Diagnosis
Doctors use several methods to diagnose squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum:
- Imaging tests like ultrasound, CT scans, MRI, and X-rays to detect the sise and spread of the tumour.
- CT Scan: Helps check if the cancer has spread to the chest or abdomen.
- Biopsy: A small sample of rectal tissue is taken to test for cancer cells.
- Immunohistochemistry markers: Special tests that help identify cancer cells.
- Colonoscopy: A visual exam of the rectum, where a biopsy can be taken to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment Options Most cases are treated with a combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy (drugs like 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin). Surgery is generally not recommended for treating this type of rectal cancer.
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Without a Ribbon is a charity that works hard to aid those who suffer from rare cancers. You can help our cause in a variety of ways: