What is Small Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva?
Small cell carcinoma of the vulva is a rare neuroendocrine tumour that develops in the vulva and sometimes in the vagina. These tumours make up about 2% of all gynecological cancers and 6% of vulvar tumours. Most commonly, they affect the labia majora (outer lips) and labia minora (inner lips) of the vulva.
What is the Vulva?
The vulva is the external part of the female genital area, consisting of the labia (lips), clitoris, and the vaginal opening.
Causes
The exact cause of vulvar cancer, including small cell carcinoma, is not well understood. However, research indicates that the risk increases with age. Other risk factors include:
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
- Smoking
- A weakened immune system
- A history of precancerous vulvar conditions
- Certain skin disorders affecting the vulva
Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms of small cell carcinoma of the vulva can include:
- Itching, burning, or pain in the vulva
- A noticeable lump or mass in the vulva
- Wart-like growths
- Open sores or wounds that don’t heal over weeks or months
- Abnormal bleeding or discharge from the vulva or vagina
- Skin discoloration or thickening in the vulva area
Diagnosis
To diagnose this condition, doctors may use the following methods:
- Complete Blood Count (CBC)
- Serum Tumour Markers
- Imaging tests like ultrasound, CT scan, MRI, and X-rays to determine the location, size, and spread of the tumour
- A pelvic examination, which may include a speculum exam to check the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, and ovaries
Treatment
The primary treatment for small cell carcinoma of the vulva involves surgery to remove the affected areas of the vulva, vagina, cervix, and uterus. This may be combined with radiation therapy and chemotherapy to ensure comprehensive treatment.
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