What is Polymorphous Adenocarcinoma of the Salivary Gland?
Polymorphous Adenocarcinoma is a rare cancer of the minor salivary glands. It usually develops inside the mouth, especially on the roof of the mouth (hard palate). This tumour grows slowly and often behaves less aggressively than many other cancers.
Disease causes
The exact cause is not clearly known. However, it is believed to occur due to changes in the DNA of salivary gland cells, which makes them grow uncontrollably.
Some factors that may increase risk include:
- Increasing age (commonly in 50–60 years)
- Female gender
- Previous radiation exposure
- Possible viral infections
- Certain occupational exposures (dust, chemicals)
Signs and Symptoms
In many cases, the tumour develops quietly without early symptoms. When present, symptoms may include:
- A painless lump or swelling in the mouth
- Growth on the palate, lips, or tongue
- Gradual increase in size over time
- Occasional pain or discomfort
- Numbness or weakness in the face (rare)
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually made through a step-by-step approach:
- Clinical examination of the mouth and neck
- Imaging tests such as CT scan or MRI to see the extent
- Biopsy (most important step): A small sample of tissue is taken and examined under a microscope to confirm the tumour type
Treatment
The main treatment is surgical removal of the tumour along with a margin of healthy tissue.
Radiotherapy may be added if:
- The tumour is not completely removed
- There is a higher risk of recurrence
Regular follow-up is important to detect any recurrence early.
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