What is Myxofibrosarcoma?
Myxofibrosarcoma is a rare cancer of the soft tissues, which are the tissues that support and connect different parts of the body. These include tissues around muscles, under the skin, and between organs.
The term myxoid means that the tumour contains a gel-like or jelly-like material, which is a key feature seen when the tumour is examined under a microscope. Because of this special structure, the tumour can spread in thin extensions into nearby tissues, making it difficult to remove completely.
Symptoms
Myxofibrosarcoma is most commonly seen in older adults, usually above the age of 50. It often develops in the arms or legs, especially around the thighs, shoulders, or upper arms, but it can also appear in the trunk of the body. In the beginning, it usually appears as a small, painless swelling under the skin. Since it does not hurt and grows slowly, many people ignore it or think it is harmless.
As myxofibrosarcoma continues to grow, the lump becomes larger and more noticeable. It may start causing pain, tightness, or discomfort, especially if it presses on nearby muscles or nerves. Movement of the affected limb may become difficult. The skin over the tumour may look stretched, shiny, or slightly discolored. If the tumour is deep inside the tissue, symptoms can remain mild until it becomes quite large.
Diagnosis
To diagnose this cancer, scans such as MRI or CT scan are done to see the size and spread of the tumour. A biopsy is then performed, where a small piece of the tumour is examined under the microscope. This confirms the diagnosis and helps determine how aggressive the tumour is.
Treatment
The main treatment is surgery, with the goal of removing the tumour completely along with a margin of healthy tissue. Because this cancer has a high chance of coming back in the same area, radiation therapy is often given before or after surgery to lower the risk of recurrence. Chemotherapy is usually reserved for advanced cases where the cancer has spread.
Prognosis
The prognosis, or outcome, depends on several factors, including the size of the tumour, how deep it is, and whether it has spread. Many patients do well if the tumour is found early and removed completely. However, myxofibrosarcoma is known for local recurrence, meaning it can come back even after treatment, so long-term follow-up is very important. Spread to lungs or other organs can occur in advanced stages.
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