What Is MALT Lymphoma?
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the lymphocytes (a kind of white blood cell) in the mucosa, or the lining of organs that come into contact with the external environment. This form of cancer is most commonly found in the stomach but can occur in other mucosa-associated sites, such as the lungs, salivary glands, thyroid, eyes, and intestines. MALT lymphomas are typically slow-growing and can be associated with chronic inflammation or autoimmune diseases.
Symptoms
Symptoms of MALT lymphoma vary depending on the organ affected but may include:
- For gastric MALT lymphoma: Abdominal pain, nausea, loss of appetite, and weight loss.
- For lung MALT lymphoma: Cough, breathlessness, and chest discomfort.
- For ocular MALT lymphoma: Vision changes, eye swelling, and discomfort.
- General symptoms may include fatigue and night sweats.
Disease Aetiology (Causes)
The exact cause of MALT lymphoma is not entirely understood, but several factors are thought to contribute to its development:
- Chronic infection, such as Helicobacter pylori infection in the case of gastric MALT lymphoma.
- Autoimmune diseases, such as Sjögren’s syndrome or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, which are associated with MALT lymphoma in the salivary glands and thyroid, respectively.
- Genetic mutations may also play a role in the development of MALT lymphomas.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing MALT lymphoma typically involves:
- Imaging tests (CT scans, MRI, or PET scans) to identify the location and extent of the lymphoma.
- Endoscopic examinations, particularly for gastric MALT lymphoma, including biopsy for histological examination.
- Blood tests to assess overall health and immune system function.
- Bone marrow biopsy in some cases to determine if the lymphoma has spread.
Treatment
Treatment for MALT lymphoma depends on the location and stage of the disease:
- For H. pylori-positive gastric MALT lymphoma, antibiotic therapy to eradicate the bacterium often leads to tumour regression.
- Radiation therapy may be used for localized MALT lymphoma in sites like the eye or thyroid.
- Surgery is rarely used but may be considered for isolated tumours that do not respond to other treatments.
- Chemotherapy and targeted therapy may be recommended for more advanced or disseminated disease.
What support can we give for the Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) Lymphoma?
Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) Lymphoma is a rare cancer, meaning it is not as well-known as other forms of cancer. Without a Ribbon is an Australian organisation that provides support for individuals who suffer from rare cancers. So, we provide a designated platform for Warriors to obtain information specific to their Rare Cancer. We also provide annual opportunities for our Warriors to meet and learn from each other. If you suffer from rare cancer such as Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) Lymphoma, we can help and support you through your journey thanks to the generous donations we receive. Click the link below to sign up and become a Warrior today!
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Without a Ribbon is a charity that works hard to aid those who suffer from rare cancers. You can help our cause in a variety of ways:
