Middle Ear Carcinoma is a very rare cancer that begins in the middle part of the ear, which is located behind the eardrum. This area contains tiny bones that help in hearing. When a tumour grows in this region, it can affect both hearing and balance.
Early on, middle ear cancer may be mistaken for common ear infections because the symptoms can look similar. This cancer is most often seen in older adults and may be hard to detect in its early stages.
Causes
Although the exact cause is not known, several factors can increase the risk of developing middle ear carcinoma. Long-term or untreated ear infections may irritate the ear’s tissues, leading to abnormal cell growth. People who have had surgeries on their ears or have experienced repeated inflammation in the middle ear may also be at higher risk. Exposure to radiation near the head and advancing age, usually over 50, are other possible risk factors.
Symptoms
The symptoms of middle ear cancer can be confusing, as they are often similar to more common ear problems. One of the most noticeable signs is a constant discharge from the ear, which may be bloody. Hearing loss in one ear is another warning sign.
Some people may feel pain in or around the ear, while others notice a lump or growth in the ear canal. As the tumour grows, it can also affect nerves in the area, leading to dizziness, balance issues, or even weakness in the face.
Diagnosis
To diagnose this cancer, a doctor will first examine the inside of the ear using a tool called an otoscope. Imaging tests such as a CT scan or MRI help the doctor see the size and spread of the tumour. A biopsy, where a small sample of the tissue is taken and examined under a microscope, confirms the diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the size of the tumour and how far it has spread. Surgery is usually done to remove the tumour and sometimes nearby tissues or bones. If cancer cells remain, radiation therapy may be used to destroy them. If hearing is affected, hearing aids or surgical reconstruction may be needed.
Prognosis
If the cancer is detected early, the chances of successful treatment are high. However, if it is diagnosed at a later stage, treatment becomes more difficult, and the outcome may be less favourable. Regular follow-ups are very important to monitor for any signs of recurrence.
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