What is an Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumour (IMT)?
An inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) is a rare growth that can develop in various parts of the body, commonly in the lungs, abdomen, pelvis, and soft tissues. IMTs are made up of myofibroblasts (cells involved in tissue repair) and inflammatory cells. While typically benign, some IMTs can behave aggressively, with a risk of recurrence or spread to other areas.
Causes
The exact cause is unclear, but IMTs may arise from:
- Exaggerated immune responses or chronic inflammation, potentially from past infections
- Genetic factors, including ALK gene alterations, in some cases
Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms vary by location and may include:
- Fever
- Pain in the affected area
- Weight loss
- Swelling or a noticeable lump
- For lung IMTs: cough, shortness of breath, or respiratory distress
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves:
- Imaging (CT scan, MRI, or ultrasound) to locate and evaluate the mass
- Biopsy to confirm the presence of myofibroblastic and inflammatory cells’
Treatment
Primary treatment is surgical removal. In some cases, steroids or anti-inflammatory medications may be used, especially if surgery isn’t possible. Targeted therapies may be considered for aggressive or recurrent cases with ALK gene alterations.
Prognosis
The outlook is generally good if the tumour can be fully removed. However, aggressive or inoperable cases may need additional treatments and can have a less favourable prognosis.
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