What is Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia?
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia is an uncommon type of white blood cell cancer. This is a type of cancer of white blood cells in which there excessive proliferation of white blood cells, these cancer cells synthesizes large amounts of an abnormal protein called macroglobulin or IgM. Excessive accumulation of this protein in the blood causes symptoms of easy bruising, vision, and nervous system problems.
Disease Epidemiology
In males, it predominates slightly. The average age of development of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia is 65 years. This is more common among the white population.
Disease Etiology (Causes)
There is no known etiology. Older age, having a family history of lymphoma (white blood cell cancer), and male gender are certain risk factors for the development of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.
Signs and Symptoms
The patient may suffer from the following signs and symptoms. These are;
- Easy bruising or bleeding
- Bleeding from nose
- Changes in vision
- Enlargement of lymph nodes
- Enlarged spleen
- Pain and numbness in hands and feets
- Pink or red colour skin lesions
- Lethargy
- Unintended or unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue
- Dizziness
- Confusion
Diagnosis
The following diagnostic tests and procedures can be used to make a diagnosis. These are
- Complete blood count (CBC) with peripheral smear
- Immunoglobulin levels: This test is used to detect the different antibody levels in the blood
- Beta -2 Microglobulin levels; this is a protein produced by cancer cells, the higher its level, the worse the prognosis (the outcome of the disease) will be.
- Fine needle aspiration and cytology
- Bone marrow biopsy
- Immunohistochemistry
- Flow cytometry
- Cytogenetic
- Radiological techniques such as CT-scan, MRI, PET-scan, X-ray, and USG to see the sites and extent of the tumour.
Treatment
In asymptomatic cases, there is no treatment required just active monitoring and follow-up is the only requirement. In symptomatic cases, there are the following treatment options. These are;
- Plasma exchange or plasmapheresis is used to decrease the blood thickness due to excessive production of IgM and to reduce the symptoms.
- Chemotherapy
- Target therapy
- Bone marrow transplantation
What Support can we Give for Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia?
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia is a rare cancer, meaning it is not as well known as other forms of cancer. Without a Ribbon is an Australian organisation that provides support for individuals who suffer from rare cancers. So, we provide a designated platform for Warriors to obtain information specific to their Rare Cancer. We also provide annual opportunities for our Warriors to meet and learn from each other. If you suffer from rare cancer such as Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia, we can help and support you through your journey thanks to the generous donations we receive. Click the link below to sign up and become a Warrior today!
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Without a Ribbon is a charity that works hard to aid those who suffer from rare cancers. You can help our cause in a variety of ways:
