What Is Verrucous Carcinoma?
Verrucous carcinoma is a rare and distinct type of squamous cell carcinoma characterized by its slow growth, minimal metastatic potential, and warty or verrucous appearance. This type of cancer typically affects the skin, oral cavity, larynx, esophagus, genitalia, and sometimes the soles of the feet, where it is known as carcinoma cuniculatum. Despite its expansive growth, verrucous carcinoma tends to be locally invasive without affecting lymph nodes or distant organs.
Symptoms
The symptoms of verrucous carcinoma depend on the tumour’s location but generally include:
- Lesions that are slow-growing, cauliflower-like, and have a rough surface.
- In the oral cavity, a thick, white patch that cannot be wiped away.
- On the skin, a wart-like growth that may be mistaken for a common wart or other benign conditions.
- In the genital area, lesions may resemble genital warts.
- Pain or discomfort may occur if the tumour interferes with bodily functions.
Disease Aetiology (Causes)
The exact cause of verrucous carcinoma is not fully understood. However, risk factors associated with its development include:
- Chronic irritation or inflammation.
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly for lesions in the genital area and oral cavity.
- Use of tobacco, especially smokeless tobacco in oral verrucous carcinoma.
- Poor oral hygiene.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of verrucous carcinoma typically involves:
- Physical examination to assess the characteristic appearance of the tumour.
- Biopsy to obtain a tissue sample for histopathological examination, which is crucial for distinguishing verrucous carcinoma from other types of squamous cell carcinoma and benign lesions.
- Imaging studies such as CT scans or MRI may be used to evaluate the extent of the disease, especially for tumours in locations like the larynx or esophagus.
Treatment
Treatment options for verrucous carcinoma focus on complete removal of the tumour and may include:
- Surgical excision with a margin of healthy tissue to ensure the entire tumour is removed. This is the most common treatment.
- Radiation therapy, although used less frequently due to the risk of the tumour transforming into a more aggressive squamous cell carcinoma.
- Topical chemotherapy or immunotherapy for lesions that are difficult to treat surgically, especially in the genital area.
- Laser surgery or cryotherapy for smaller lesions.
What support can we give for the Verrucous Carcinoma?
Verrucous Carcinoma is a rare cancer, meaning it is not as well-known as other forms of cancer. Without a Ribbon is an Australian organisation that provides support for individuals who suffer from rare cancers. So, we provide a designated platform for Warriors to obtain information specific to their Rare Cancer. We also provide annual opportunities for our Warriors to meet and learn from each other. If you suffer from rare cancer such as Verrucous Carcinoma, we can help and support you through your journey thanks to the generous donations we receive. Click the link below to sign up and become a Warrior today!
You can help us with your donation:
Without a Ribbon is a charity that works hard to aid those who suffer from rare cancers. You can help our cause in a variety of ways:
