What is Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Unknown Primary?
Squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary is a type of cancer in which squamous cells (flat cells that make up the outer layer of the skin and the lining of body organs) are found in the body, but the place where the cells first began to grow (the primary site) cannot be determined. It can affect various parts of the body, making it a challenge to diagnose and treat effectively.Symptoms
The symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary can vary widely based on the affected area. Common symptoms may include:- Unexplained pain or discomfort
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Non-healing ulcers or sores
- Unexplained weight loss
- Generalised fatigue
Disease Aetiology (Causes)
The exact cause of squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary is not known, but certain factors like tobacco and alcohol use, chronic inflammation, exposure to certain chemicals and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can increase the risk of squamous cell carcinoma.Diagnosis
The diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary often involves:- Detailed medical history and physical examination
- Imaging tests like CT scan, PET scan, or MRI to identify potential tumour locations
- Biopsy and histopathological examination to confirm the diagnosis
- Blood tests to check general health
Treatment
The treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary often involves:- Surgery: Depending on the location and extent of the cancer, surgery may be performed to remove the cancerous cells.
- Chemotherapy: Drugs may be used to kill cancer cells or prevent them from growing.
- Radiotherapy: High-energy radiation may be used to destroy cancer cells.
- Targeted therapy: Specific drugs that target the cancer cells without harming normal cells might be used.