What is Neuroendocrine Cancer?
The neuroendocrine system consists of neuroendocrine cells, which are spread throughout the body and act like nerve cells (or neurons). They produce hormones in response to signals from your body’s nervous system. This controls many different bodily functions. Neuroendocrine cancer is a type of rare cancer that affects the cells in the body’s neuroendocrine system. It consists of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) growing on neuroendocrine cells. Since there are many neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, the symptoms can vary depending on the location of a tumour. Most NETs grow slowly compared to other types of tumour. This gives doctors the opportunity to target a tumour and shrink remove them. If you notice any symptoms associated with Neuroendocrine Cancer, it is always best to contact your doctor for a check-up.
Types of Neuroendocrine Cancer:
There are many different types of neuroendocrine tumours. Neuroendocrine cancer can occur in the following places:
- The pancreas
- The thyroid gland
- The adrenal gland
- The pituitary gland
- Beneath the skin (Merkel cell cancer)
Around 60% of neuroendocrine cancers do not have a specific diagnosis in relation to their origin. For this reason, they are referred to as “neuroendocrine carcinoma.” These types of cancer can start in almost any part of the body. Other common places for tumours to form include the brain, lungs or glands.
Causes and Risk Factors of Neuroendocrine Cancer:
A risk factor is something that increases the likelihood of someone developing a tumour. The following factors are associated with an increased risk of neuroendocrine tumours:
- Exposure to the sun – Merkel cell cancer is a form of neuroendocrine cancer which develops beneath the skin. It is known to develop on areas that are susceptible to sunburns (such as the neck).
- Age – Neuroendocrine cancer is most common amongst people aged over 40. Pheochromocytoma (adrenal gland tumours) occur most frequently between ages 40-60, whereas Merkel cell cancer is most common in people aged over 70.
- Gender – Neuroendocrine tumours are more common in men than women.
- Weak immune system – People who have weak immune systems are more prone to developing neuroendocrine cancer. Weak immune systems are caused by conditions such as HIV, rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease weaken the immune system and increase the risk of this cancer developing.
Symptoms of Neuroendocrine Cancer:
Since there are so many types of neuroendocrine cancer, symptoms will vary. Below are a list of common neuroendocrine cancers and the symptoms associated with them: Pheochromocytoma (adrenal gland tumours):
- High blood pressure
- Nausea and vomiting
- High temperature
- Increased pulse and heart palpitations
Merkel cell cancer:
- Small, painless lumps on the skin. Often around the head or neck.
- Lumps bleeding after very minor trauma (shaving, etc).
Pituitary gland cancer:
- Headaches
- Vision problems
- Mood changes, irritability and increased fatigue
- Changes in the reproductive cycle for women
- Erectile dysfunction for men
- Weight gain
- Increased sweating
Neuroendocrine cancer of the thyroid:
- A lump in the front of the neck, near the Adam’s apple
- Swollen glands in the neck
- Difficulty swallowing and breathing
- A persistent cough that won’t go away
Treatment Options for Neuroendocrine Cancer:
Depending on the type of neuroendocrine cancer you are diagnosed with, the severity of the case and your overall health, the available treatment options will vary. Each treatment option has its own set of side effects that can affect your quality of life. For this reason, it is important to discuss all options. Below are some of the most common treatments associated with neuroendocrine cancer:
Surgery:
Surgery is the removal of a tumour and its surrounding tissue. It is the most common treatment option for Merkel cell tumours and pheochromocytoma. Surgery is often followed by another form of treatment which prevents remission from occurring. The symptoms of surgery vary depending on the location of the surgery. Different locations require different strategies, making every case different. Sometimes, a tumour is inoperable, meaning surgery isn’t an option. In this case, your doctor will recommend another form of treatment.
Radiation therapy:
Radiation therapy is the use of high-energy X-rays to destroy cancer cells. The most common form of radiation therapy is external beam therapy, where radiation is given via a machine. Radiation therapy is usually recommended for inoperable tumours. In some cases, it is also given post-surgery to prevent tumours from growing back. Side effects of radiation therapy include:
- Fatigue
- Irritable skin
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhoea
Chemotherapy:
Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to destroy cancer cells. Common ways to receive chemotherapy are intravenously or via a pill or capsule. The severity of chemotherapy’s side effects depends on how big the dose is. Chemotherapy can often lead to:
- Severe fatigue
- Baldness
- Vomiting and diarrhoea
- Reduced appetite
What support can we give for Neuroendocrine Cancer?
Neuroendocrine Cancer is a rare cancer, meaning it is not as well known as other forms of cancer. Without a Ribbon is an Australian organisation that provides support for individuals who suffer from rare cancers. We provide a designated platform for Warriors to obtain information specific to their Rare Cancer. We also provide annual opportunities for our Warriors to meet and learn from each other. If you suffer from rare cancer such as Neuroendocrine Cancer, we can help and support you through your journey thanks to the generous donations we receive. Click the link below to sign up and become a Warrior today!
YOU CAN HELP US WITH YOUR DONATION:
Without a Ribbon is a charity that works hard to aid those who suffer from rare cancers. You can help our cause in a variety of ways: Donations – Without a Ribbon is grateful for every donation received. Giving to Without a Ribbon helps us to provide ongoing support, organise the annual gathering and subsidise the costs of our Warriors attending these conferences. Sponsorship – If you wish to sponsor our charity, please contact us using this form. Volunteering – We are always looking for volunteers to help with different aspects of running our charity. If you are looking for volunteer work, please feel free to contact us.