What Is Hepatocellular Carcinoma – Giant Cell?
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with giant cell features is a rare variant of liver cancer characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells within the tumour. These giant cells are significantly larger than normal cells, with many nuclei, making this subtype distinct in its pathology. Though it shares many clinical and pathological features with conventional hepatocellular carcinoma, the giant cell variant may behave more aggressively and present unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment.
Symptoms
Symptoms of hepatocellular carcinoma with giant cell features are similar to those of standard HCC and may include:
- Unintended weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- Upper abdominal pain
- General weakness and fatigue
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
- Swelling in the abdomen due to fluid accumulation (ascites)
- A palpable mass in the upper abdomen
Disease Aetiology (Causes)
The exact cause of the giant cell variant of hepatocellular carcinoma is not well understood. Risk factors for developing HCC, in general, include chronic hepatitis B or C infection, cirrhosis, excessive alcohol consumption, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and exposure to aflatoxins. Whether these factors specifically contribute to the giant cell variant is less clear.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing HCC with giant cell features involves a combination of imaging, laboratory tests, and histological examination:
- Imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scans, and MRI help identify liver tumours and assess their extent.
- Blood tests, including liver function tests and tumour markers like alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), can support the diagnosis and monitoring of HCC.
- A biopsy of the liver tumour is crucial for diagnosing the giant cell variant, with microscopic examination revealing the characteristic multinucleated giant cells.
Treatment
Treatment strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma with giant cell features generally follow those for conventional HCC but may be adjusted based on the tumour’s behavior and patient’s condition:
- Surgical resection is the preferred treatment for localized tumours, aiming to remove the cancer completely.
- Liver transplantation may be considered for selected patients with limited disease and no extrahepatic spread.
- Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and other localized therapies can be options for patients who are not candidates for surgery.
- Systemic therapies, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, may be used for advanced disease, although their effectiveness specifically in the giant cell variant is less well-defined.
What support can we give for the Hepatocellular Carcinoma?
Hepatocellular Carcinoma is a rare cancer, meaning it is not as well-known as other forms of cancer. Without a Ribbon is an Australian organisation that provides support for individuals who suffer from rare cancers. So, we provide a designated platform for Warriors to obtain information specific to their Rare Cancer. We also provide annual opportunities for our Warriors to meet and learn from each other. If you suffer from rare cancer such as Hepatocellular Carcinoma, we can help and support you through your journey thanks to the generous donations we receive. Click the link below to sign up and become a Warrior today!
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Without a Ribbon is a charity that works hard to aid those who suffer from rare cancers. You can help our cause in a variety of ways:
