What is a Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour?
A gastrointestinal stromal tumour is a tumour that originates from the cells which are present in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract called interstitial cells of Cajal(ICCs). These cells are also named as the pacemakers of the gastrointestinal tract because they convey signals to the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract which helps the GIT in the mobility of the food through contraction and relaxation of GIT musculature. Gastrointestinal tumours can arise from any part of the GIT (gastrointestinal tract) but most commonly they arise from the stomach and small intestine.
Disease Etiology (Causes)
They may develop due to mutations in a certain gene name c-kit proto-oncogene. It is also associated with some hereditary syndromes (a combination of diseases) like irritable bowel syndrome, cutaneous hyperpigmentation, dysphagia, Carney triad, neurofibromatosis type 1 and diverticular disease.
Disease Epidemiology
Among all types of gastrointestinal tumours, gastrointestinal stromal tumours are 1-3%. The overall 5-year survival rate for patients with GISTs is 77% among those diagnosed with localized diseases, 64% among those with regional diseases, and 41% with metastatic diseases according to disease surveillance epidemiology result of 2001-2011. It is more common in males as compared to females. The risk of development of the tumour increase with age reaches a maximum after the 7th decade of life. Small size gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) have a better prognosis (the likely course of the disease) as compared to small size intestinal GITs.
Signs and Symptoms
- Hematemesis ( blood with vomiting)
- Melena ( black color stool due to bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract)
- Malaise, fatigue, and difficulty in breathing while walking or doing any physical activity due to loss of blood from the ulcerated site of the tumour.
- Abdominal pain
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Loss of body weight
- Feeling of fullness even after a few mouthfuls
Diagnosis
A diagnosis can be made through by
- Complete blood count (CBC)
- Blood coagulation profile
- BUN ( blood urea and nitrogen)
- Serum creatinine
- Liver function tests LFT’s
- Amylase and lipase values
- Imaging techniques like CT-scan, MRI, PET-scan, X-Ray, and USG to detect the site and size of the tumour.
- Endoscopy
- Preoperative biopsy
Treatment
Surgical resection (removal or cutting of the diseased part through surgery) is the most common and effective treatment option.
What Support can we Give for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour?
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour is a rare cancer, meaning it is not as well known as other forms of cancer. Without a Ribbon is an Australian organisation that provides support for individuals who suffer from rare cancers. So, we provide a designated platform for Warriors to obtain information specific to their Rare Cancer. We also provide annual opportunities for our Warriors to meet and learn from each other. If you suffer from rare cancer such as Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour we can help and support you through your journey thanks to the generous donations we receive. Click the link below to sign up and become a Warrior today!
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Without a Ribbon is a charity that works hard to aid those who suffer from rare cancers. You can help our cause in a variety of ways:
