What is Choriocarcinoma of the Uterus?
Choriocarcinoma of the uterus or uterine choriocarcinoma is a rare, highly malignant form of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). This type of cancer occurs after a molar pregnancy, normal pregnancy, or miscarriage, and it arises from the cells that would normally develop into the placenta. Despite its aggressive nature, choriocarcinoma is one of the most curable forms of cancer, especially when detected early.Symptoms
Symptoms of choriocarcinoma of the uterus may include:- Abnormal vaginal bleeding, often dark or brown
- Enlargement of the uterus beyond the expected size in case of pregnancy
- Severe nausea and vomiting
- Signs of early onset pre-eclampsia (such as high blood pressure and protein in the urine)
- Unusual vaginal discharge
Disease Aetiology (Causes)
Choriocarcinoma of the uterus is caused by the abnormal growth of cells that would normally develop into the placenta during pregnancy. Factors that may increase the risk include a prior molar pregnancy, a miscarriage, or an ectopic pregnancy.Diagnosis
The diagnosis of uterine choriocarcinoma often involves:- Detailed medical history and physical examination
- Blood tests to measure levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a hormone produced during pregnancy, which remains elevated in cases of choriocarcinoma
- Imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to confirm the presence of the tumour
Treatment
The treatment for choriocarcinoma of the uterus typically involves:- Chemotherapy: This is the mainstay of treatment and is typically very effective, even when the disease has spread.
- Surgery: This may be performed to remove any persistent tumour after chemotherapy or in cases where the tumour causes heavy bleeding.