What is Adenocarcinoma of Unknown Primary?
Adenocarcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is a condition where cancer cells, identified as adenocarcinoma, have been found in the body, but the place the cancer started (the primary site) can’t be determined. Adenocarcinomas are a type of cancer that start in the cells of glandular tissues, like those in the lung, breast, prostate, and gastrointestinal tract.Symptoms
Symptoms of adenocarcinoma of unknown primary can vary greatly depending on where in the body the cancer cells are found. These can include:- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue
- Pain or discomfort in any part of the body
- Changes in skin or bowel habits
- Swollen lymph nodes
Disease Aetiology (Causes)
The exact cause of adenocarcinoma of unknown primary is not known. As the primary site of the cancer is undetermined, it is difficult to pinpoint specific risk factors. However, general cancer risk factors such as smoking, age, certain genetic mutations, and a family history of cancer could potentially be associated.Diagnosis
Diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of unknown primary typically involves:- Detailed medical history and physical examination
- Biopsy of the cancerous tissue to examine the cells under a microscope
- Imaging tests like CT scan, PET scan, or MRI to help locate the primary site
- Blood tests, including tumour markers
Treatment
The treatment for adenocarcinoma of unknown primary often includes:- Chemotherapy: This is commonly used, as it can target cancer cells throughout the body.
- Radiation therapy: This may be used if the cancer is found in a specific location that can be targeted.
- Targeted therapy or immunotherapy: These treatments might be options depending on the specific characteristics of the cancer cells.